Hyper Text Markup Language
Hypertext is text with links to other texts (Hyper – above or beyond)
Markup – symbols which indicate how the text is to be displayed
Language – a set of rules defining grammar and syntax of oral/written communications
HTML is thus a set of symbols, for a language, with syntax and grammar, for indicating how text is to be displayed in a Web browser accessing the World Wide Web
The most used language for web development
It needs a Web browser (IE, Netscape, Mozilla, Opera, FireFox, etc) to read the file, interpret the markup tags and render (display) the page
The contents of an HTML document are STATIC
An HTML document has an htm or html file extension. It can be written using a simple text editor (notepad, edit plus) or an authoring tool (Dreamweaver, Frontpage)
Case insensitive
Example:-
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>This is my first page!</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
Hello!
</BODY>
</HTML>
TAGS:-
html
Identifies the document as containing HTML elements.
head
Provides an unordered collection of information about the document.
Title
Contains the title of the document.
body
Specifies the beginning and end of the document body
hn
Renders text in heading style. (Where n=1,2,3,4,5,6)
p
Denotes a paragraph.
pre
Renders text in a fixed-width font.
hr
Draws a horizontal rule.
br
Inserts a line break
Example:-
<HTML>
<BODY>
<H1>"Hello! "</H1>
<H2>Hello!</H2>
<HR>
<P><H3>Hello!</H3></P>
<P>Hello!</P>
<P>H e l l o !</P>
<P>H e l l o !</P>
<P>H e l
l o
!</P>
<BR>
<PRE>
H
E
L
L O !
</PRE>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Special Characters :-
“ à Quotation Mark à "
& àAmpersand à &
< à Less-than-sign à <
> à Greater-than-signà>
à non-breaking spaceà
Tags :-
strong or b
Renders text in bold.
em or i
Emphasizes text, usually by rendering it in italic
u
Renders text that is underlined.
s or strike
Renders text in strike-through type
Example:-
<HTML>
<BODY>
<P><STRONG>Hello!</STRONG></P>
<P><EM>Hello!</EM></P>
<P><U>Hello!</U></P>
<P><STRONG><EM>Hello!</EM></STRONG></P>
<P><S>Hello!</S></P>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Tags:-
sub
Creates a subscript.
sup
Creates a superscript.
Example:-
<HTML>
<BODY>
X<SUB>i</SUB><SUP>3</SUP> +
X<SUB>j</SUB><SUP>2</SUP> +
X<SUB>k</SUB><SUP>1</SUP>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Changing The Fonts:-
<FONT FACE=“fontname”>abc</FONT>
Where fontname is the name of font.
<FONT SIZE=“n”>abc</FONT>
Where n is the number from 1 to 7.
<FONT COLOR=“colorname”>abc</FONT>
Where colorname is the name of chosen color.
Example :-
<HTML>
<BODY>
<FONT FACE="Arial">font face Arial</FONT><br/>
<FONT SIZE="7">font size 7</FONT><br/>
<FONT COLOR="red">font color red</FONT>
<PRE>
<FONT FACE="Monotype Corsiva" SIZE="5" COLOR="blue">
font face=Monotype Corsiva
size=5 and color=blue
</FONT>
</PRE>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Using Background color:-
<BODY BGCOLOR=“colorname”>…</BODY>
Where colorname is the name of chosen background color.
<HTML>
<BODY BGCOLOR="green">
<FONT COLOR="white">Hello</FONT> World
</BODY>
</HTML>
Background Image:-
►<BODY BACKGROUND=“bgimg”>…</BODY>
§Where bgimg is the name and extension of chosen background image.
<HTML>
<BODY BACKGROUND="c://a.jpg">
<FONT COLOR="green">Hello</FONT> World
</BODY>
</HTML>
Tags:-
ol
Draws lines of text as a numbered list.
ul
Draws lines of text as a bulleted list.
li
Denotes one item in a list.
Example :-
Example :-
<HTML>
<BODY>
<H1>Items:</H1>
<OL>
<LI>One</LI>
<LI>Two</LI>
</OL>
<UL>
<LI>Three</LI>
<LI>Four</LI>
</UL>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Tags:-
table
Specifies that the contained content is organized into a table with rows and columns.
th
Specifies a header column. Header columns are centered within the cell and are bold.
tr
Specifies a row in a table.
td
Specifies a cell in a table
Example:-
<HTML><BODY>
<TABLE BORDER="1">
<TH>ID</TH>
<TH>Name</TH>
<TR>
<TD>1234567</TD>
<TD>Bliss</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>1492845</TD>
<TD>Marry</TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
</BODY></HTML>
